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Criminal records and Civil Court records by state or
for the whole country of Mexico. Statewide civil or criminal
records check, search the court systems for the states and
territories of M�xico, Distrito Federal, Veracruz, Jalisco,
Puebla, Guanajuato, Chiapas, Michoac�n, Nuevo Le�n, Oaxaca,
Chihuahua, Guerrero, Tamaulipas, Baja California, Sinaloa,
Coahuila, San Luis Potos�, Hidalgo, Sonora, Tabasco, Yucat�n,
Morelos, Quer�taro, Durango, Zacatecas, Tlaxcala,
Aguascalientes, Quintana Roo, Nayarit, Campeche, Colima, Baja
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The legal system in Mexico is based on Spanish civil law and has
some influence of the common law tradition. Spanish civil law is
based upon strict adherence to legal codes and minimal
jurisprudence. The writ of Amparo is the most powerful juridical
instrument and can be invoked against acts by any government
official, including the president.
Mexico's court system or judiciary is a separate branch of
government. It is divided into the Federal and State level.
Mexico Supreme Court (Suprema Corte de
Justicia de la Naci�n, or SCJN)
The Supreme Court of Justice of Mexico is the highest federal court in
Mexico. The Supreme Court of Justice, comprises of eleven
judges. It consists of a President of the Supreme Court (Chief
Justice) and ten Ministers (Associate Justices) who are
confirmed by the Senate from a list proposed by the President of
Mexico. These Justice's interpret laws and judge cases of
federal competency. Justices of the Mexico Supreme Court
must be Mexican citizens by birth and between the age of
thirty-five to sixty-five years old. They must have resided in
Mexico and held a law degree during the five years preceding
their nomination. According to the Mexico constitution, supreme
court justices are appointed for life and are only subject to
impeachment by the Chamber of Deputies. In practice, however the
justices, along with the entire federal judiciary, traditionally
submit their resignations at the beginning of each Sexenio.
Depending on the case before it, The Supreme Court of Justice
can meet either in joint session or in separate chambers. The
high court is divided into four chambers - Penal Affairs
Chamber, Administrative Affairs Chamber, Civil Affairs Chamber,
and Labor Affairs Chamber. Each chamber has five justices. There
is a fifth chamber, called the Auxiliary Chamber which is
responsible for the overload of the four regular chambers. All
Court rulings of the whole or plenary court and the separate
chambers are decided on the basis of majority opinion. The full
court can overturn the rulings by the separate chambers. Mexican
Supreme Court of Justice is prohibited by the constitution from
applying its rulings beyond any individual case.
The
appointment of the Supreme Court Magistrates is for life and
they can only be removed if there is a guilty verdict after
impeachment proceedings. These Supreme court magistrates then
appoint other Justices whose terms are usually six years. The
Supreme Court has original and appellate jurisdiction in four
divisions: administrative, civil, labor, and penal. Appeals from
the District courts are heard by the Circuit Courts. Other
institutions of the judiciary are the Electoral Tribunal,
collegiate, unitary and district tribunals, and the Council of
the Federal Judiciary
Mexico Federal Courts
The Supreme Court of justice has three levels of federal courts
under it and twelve Collegiate Circuit Courts, each having three
magistrates, nine Unitary Circuit Courts each having six
magistrates and sixty-eight District Courts each having one
judge. The supreme court of justice appoints the federal judges
for the lower courts. Collegiate Circuit Courts deal with the
protection of individual rights, most commonly hearing cases
where an individual seeks a writ of amparo a type of legal
protection similar to a broad form of habeas corpus that
safeguards individual civil liberties and property rights.
Collegiate Circuit Courts are similar to the United States
Courts of Appeals. Collegiate Circuit Courts are located in
Mexico City, Toluca, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Hermosillo, Puebla,
Veracruz, Torre�n, San Luis Potos�, Villahermosa, Morelia, and
Mazatl�n. The Unitary Circuit Courts are located in Mexico City,
Toluca, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Hermosillo, Puebla, M�rida,
Torre�n, and Mazatl�n. Appeals cases are also handled by Unitary
Circuit Courts.
Federal courts include the Supreme Court that comprises of 21
magistrates; 32 circuit tribunals, and 98 district courts, with
one judge each.
Special courts include a fiscal tribunal and boards of
conciliation and arbitration.
State Government organization in Mexico
Mexico has thirty-one states and a Federal District that
encompasses Mexico City and its immediate regions. Each state
has a constitution that is usually modeled on the national
charter and has the right to legislate and levy taxes other than
interstate customs duties. Similar to the federal organization
at the national level, state (and local) governments also have
executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The Governor is
the head of the state executive branch and is elected by a
simple majority for a six year term. State legislatures consist
of a single Chamber of Deputies who meet in two ordinary
sessions per year and can extend periods or call for
extraordinary sessions as needed. Deputies serve three-year
terms and may not be immediately reelected. Deputies, State
governor, State Superior Court of Justice, or a municipality
within a given state can introduce legislative bills. State
Judiciary in Mexico A Superior Court of Justice heads the
State Judiciary. State Governors appoint Justices of the
Superior Courts of Justice with approval of the state
legislatures. Superior court magistrates, in turn, appoint all
lower state court judges. Federal District of Mexico City
The Federal District includes Mexico City and its southern
suburbs is under supervision of the president, who appoints a
Mayor also called as the Regente who holds cabinet rank as head
of the Department of the Federal District and conducts municipal
duties. Indirect election of the mayor of Federal district was
approved by congress in an electoral reform package In September
1993. Mexico Local Government Structure The Municipio
(Municipality) is the basic unit of Mexican government is the
municipality which is responsible for most public services such
as water, sweage, street lighting, public safety, cleaning,
maintenance, traffic, supervision of slaughterhouses and
maintenance of parks, gardens, and cemeteries. Municipalities
can also assist state and federal governments in the provision
of elementary education, emergency fire and medical services,
environmental protection and maintenance of historical
landmarks. The Regente (Mayor) heads the municipal government
along with the Ayuntamiento (Municipal Council) Municipal
governments are popularly elected for three-year terms.
According to Municipio Libre (Principle of free municipality)
Article 115 of the 1917 constitution proclaims the autonomy of
local governments. |
